Yarn package and method of producing the same



Nov. 10, 1942. w. A. SEEM ET'1AHL mm PACKAGE AND umnon OF raonucme THEsum 4 Sheets-Sheet i Filed April 6, 1939 "mil mmllm ljwentvfis Warren/A.Seem mciwaw Stoddard Nov. 10, 1 J42.

W. A. SEEM ETAL YARN PACKAGE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME FiledApril 6, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 65 In 63% as V (4? IrwentorsWarrenflfieemw Nicholas Stoddard Nov. 10, 1942. w A, E M ETAL 2,301,711

YARN PACKAGE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME Filed April 6, 1939 4Sheets-Sheet s Inventors War/en .zifieem/ Mum Stoddard dittorjzgz NOV.10, w A SEEM ETAL YARN PACKAGE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME FiledApril 6, 1939 4 SheetS Sheet 4 Paclfqgc N 1.

Pas/Eggs 1B 512916. e )V-"IB M14 2" .15 Pao/( ge N 14 Warrenflfieem wNicholas 5 wddard fittornrgy.

Patented- Nov. 10, 1942 YARN PACKAGE AND METHOD or rnonucmo THE SAMEWarren A. Seem, Forty Fort, and Nicholas Stoddard, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Application April 6, 1939, Serial No. 266,346

24 Claims. (01. 242-159) The present invention generally relates to yarnpackages and the method of winding the same. Particularly, the inventionpertains to tapered end headless twisting packages of synthetic yarns,such as rayon, and aims to provide such a package mounted in acharacteristic manner to assure the free and ready unravelling of theyarn over the end of the package with uniform tension.

One of the main objects of the invention resides in the provision of atwisting package of the kind mentioned wherein the yarn is wrapped insuch a manner as to minimize the tendency of the yarn to slough off, andconstructed for association with a twistingelement adapted forcooperation with the package to positively prevent sloughing off whenthe package is put to use.

It is also an important object of the invention to provide a tapered endheadless twisting package 0 mounted that a twisting element may beassociated in a readily calculable relationship with the package wherebysaid element acts on the yarn unravelling from the tapered delivery endof the package to draw said yarn downwardly or in a direction tocounteract the normal tendency oi the wraps to slough off.

Another important object of the invention resides in the provision of aheadless type of twisting package constructedof a plurality of groupsofwound layers of yarn, the layers in every other group progressingtowards the nose or delivery end of the package, and the layers in everyintermediate group progressing towards the base of the package, wherebythe layers of one group overlap the layers 0 the receding group andthereby mutually act to protect each other against sloughing andshifting, such sloughing and shift ing being further prevented byproviding the ends of the packages with a 22.5 degree, or less, slope.

A further feature of the invention resides in the provision of atwistingpackage wherein all knots are placed on the tapered portion at thedelivery end of said package so as to prevent the yarn, whenunravelling, from coming into undue contact with the knots.

A further feature of the invention aims to provide a twisting package sowound that variations in the yarn resulting from variations in tensionin winding are uniformly intermittent, with the average remainingsubstantially constant.

Still another feature of the invention resides "in the provision of atwisting package having a reduced diameter for a given quantity of yarnso that variations imparted to a yarnas a result of tension or tensionvariations, or both, in winding will be reduced and increased windingspeeds 55 machines.

made possible, with the result that the twisting of the yarn from thepackage may be performed at relatively high spindle speeds and withdecreased tension and tension variations.

The invention is particularly characterized in that it provides atwisting package wherein the successive layers of yarn continually coverthe entire surface of the package so that, during winding, all exposedsurfaces of the package are continually renewed and during unwinding,new surfaces of the entire package are continually exposed.

The invention is moreover distinguished by the provision of a twistingpackage of the character mentioned built upon an inexpensive core whichmay be readily adapted forengagement with the spindles of a twistingmachine.

Other important objects and advantages of the invention will be in partobvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

In order that the invention and its mode of operation may be readilyunderstood by persons skilled in the art, we have, in the accompanyingdrawings and in the detailed description based thereupon, set out apossible embodiment of the invention. 1

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a face elevation of a tapered end headless twisting packagebuilt in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the initial layer of yarnwound about the core.

Figure 3-is a view similar to Figure 2 illustrating the second layer ofyarn wound about the core.

Figure 4 diagrammatically illustrates, on an enlarged scale, therelation of the groups of yarn layers on the foundation core.

Figure 5 is a side elevation of a twisting machine spindle associatedwith one type of adaptor for mounting our improvedpackage on thetwisting machine.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section taken on line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a side elevation of another twisting machine spindleassociated with a modified type of adaptor for mounting our improvedpackage on the twisting machine.

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section taken on line 8-8 of Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a side elevation of a specially built spindle devised forassociation with our twisting package and intended to replace spindlesnow in common use on present-day types of twisting- Figure is a sectiontaken on line Ill-l0 of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is an enlarged elevation of the top portion of the packageshowing its cooperative relationship when in use with a flyer for thetwisting of the yarn.

Figure 12 is a longitudinal section of the twisting package engaged witha spindle and associated with a twister cap and fiyer.

Figure 13 diagrammatically illustrates the various positions of theflyer eye or twister cap in relation to the package, depending upon thevariations in the revolving speed of the package.

Figure 14 graphically illustrates the intermittent tension whichprogressively increases during the winding of, and spinning from bobbinsor headless packages.

Figure 15 graphically illustrates the intermittent tension to which ayarn is subjected in winding of our twisting package.

Figure 16 graphically illustrates the intermittent tension which is moreconstant during the winding of, or spinning from, our twisting pack- Inthe art of producing synthetic yarns such as rayon, it has been thepractice of producers to impart a small amount of twist (usually lessthan 5 turns) to the yarn prior to any further processing. This smallamount of twist is usually sufficient,-or intended only, to causeadhesion of filaments constituting the yarn, but insufficient for mostpractical uses for which the yarn may be put. This twist, commonlycalled preliminary twist, is imparted to the yarn by various methodssuch as pot spinning, bobbin spinning, etc. Such 1 synthetic yarns withpreliminary twist generally have been delivered for further processingin skein form. The delivery was made in skein form to permit sizing andlubrication of the yarn. These skeins, when received by the purchaser orprocessor, were sized and then wound onto bobbins ready for spinning. Amore recent development in the art has been for the producer to size theyarn and deliver same on a shipping cone. When it is intended thatadditional twist be added to the yarn in such cones, it has been thepractice to wind the yarn from the cone onto bobbins ready for spinning.These cones in their present state could not be put on twisting spinrdies for up twisting.

Our invention makes it possible for the synthetic yarn producer to windhis yarn onto our twisting package instead of onto cones, and ourtwisting package, in turn, may be placed directly on the spinningspindles for up twisting, thus 'shipping spool ordinarily used in thisart.

In the art of processing strand material, up twisting from a headlesspackage has heretofore never been accomplished satisfactorily. Jlhestructural features of the tapered end twisting package constructed inaccordance with the prescut invention aids materially inaccomplishingthis. This desired result is accomplished by our unique andnovel method now to be describedwith reference to the drawings, whereinlike characters of reference will designate corresponding partsthroughout.

As shown in the drawings, our improved twisting package In is builtpreferably about a tubular supporting body or foundation core or supportI! such as a paper tube. 1 of the drawings, the yarn package H! has atapering configuration, that is, the package has I a graduallyincreasing lower end portion [4, known as the base, a substantiallystraight body portion I6 of a predetermined thickness, and a gradualreducing upper end portion l8 known as the nose. This characteristicformation of the package It] is had because ofthe particular relation ofthe successive superposed yarn layers in the manner to be describedhereinafter.

As indicated in the drawings, the superposed layers of yarn are allsubstantially the same length but, as will appear from comparison ofFigures 2 and 3, they start and stop at different points along thefoundation core I 2, that is, those layers 20 (Figure 2) which extendfrom the base to the nose of the core (2 start at one point W and stopat point X, whereas those layers 22 (Figure 3) which extend from thenose to the base of said core 12 start at a point Y located slightlybelow the point X and stop at a point Z located slightly below 'thepoint W. Also, as represented in Figures 3 and 4, the wraps of yarn ineach layer are closer together near the nose l8 of the package than atthe base M. The layers are progressively widened towards the base of thepackage; this progression starts at-a point about half way between thenose and base of the package.

The primary reason for the difi'erence between the spacing of the wrapsin the layers 20 and the spacing of the wraps in the correspondinglayers 22 is to assure the free unravelling 0f the yarn and to preventsloughing It will be appreciated that since the layers 29 are wrapped inthe same direction in which the yarn unravels, that is, toward the noseor delivery end of the package, the wraps may be wound close to eachother without danger of causing sloughing by frictional contact of theunravelling yarn with its adjacent succeeding wraps. By winding the yamso that a relatively wide space exists between the wraps of the layers22 wound toward the base, the unravelling yarn will pass over theadjacent preceding wraps without disturbing the latter and, therefore,without causing sloughing.

As more fully shown in Figure 4, the layers of yarn are assembled intooverlapping groups A, B, C, D, and E, each group consisting of sets oflayers 20 and 22, such sets being respectively designated at la, 2a, 3a,4a, 5a; lb, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b; lo, 20, 3c, 40, Id, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d; le, 26,3e, 4e, 5e. Of course, it is to be understood that the number of layersin each set, the number of sets in each group, and the number of groupsin each package are actually much more numerous than represented in thefigure, but the relation shown will be sufficient clear understanding ofthe general construction of the package.

It is to be noted particularly that the layer sets in the spaced groupsA, C, and E progress towards the nose of the cone, whereas the layersets in'the intermediate groups B and D progress towards the base of thecone. In this manner, it

will be appreciated that the successive layer sets As represented inFigure of one group overlap the successive layer sets of the precedinggroup, thereby covering, interlocking and protecting the wraps againstsloughing. From the foregoing description of our improved packageconstruction, it will be understood that the relative spacing betweenthe wraps of the superposed layers of yarn, together with theprogressive overlapping of the groups of layer sets alternately towardsthe nose and base of 'the package are essential features whlchimpart tothe package its gradual increasing lower end portion l4, substantiallystraight central portion l6, and gradually reducing upper end portion l8hereinbefore referred to, and represented in Figure 1. a

In accordance with the invention, the winding of the yarn in itsprogressiveand retrogressive movements is controlled so that the slantof the upper and lower end portions of the package will not exceed anangle of 22.5 degrees which, it has been found, assures the properpositioning of the yarn layers and also permits a predeterminedrelationship to be established between the package and the cooperatingportion of the marginal edge, or of a twisting element when used inuptwisting.

It is customary in the art'to use a flyer in conjunction with a bobbinwhen up twisting. The location of the flyer eye is not very importantwhen used with a bobbin since the primary purpose of a flyer is toobtain the desired tension. However, when using a flyer in conjunctionwith our twisting package when up-twisting, the location of the flyereye is of utmost importance since the flyer acts as a means of providingtension and guides the yarn in a downward direction to prevent sloughingof the convolutions of yarn forming this portion of the package.

In up-twistlng from a bobbin, it is not customary in the art to use atwister cap as hereinafter described. We have discovered in up-twistingfrom our twisting package that improved results warddirection to preventsloughing when unravelling from the delivery end, and that of providingmeans for balancing the tension when unravelling from the delivery endof the package.

We have found a decided advantage in using the twister cap and flyer inconjunction with our twisting package when up-twisting, but when both ofthese twisting elements are used together the chief purpose of thetwister cap is to divert the yarn in a downward direction and tocompensate for tension variations while the flyer merely acts as atensionlng device and need not have the eye located in any specificrelation to the package at the delivery end.

The construction and association of the twister cap and flyer and theircooperation with the twisting package will .be described more fullyhereinafter.

In order that our improved package may be readily mounted on present-daytypes of twisting which may be conveniently associated with 'spindlesnow commonly in use. In ,Figures 5 and 6, we hav illustrated one iorm ofadaptor particularly intended for association with relatively shortspindles, designated by the reference character 40, whereas in Figures 7and 8, we have 11-- lustrated another form of adaptor particularlydevised for use with relatively long spindles, designated by thereference character fill.

As represented in Figures 5 and 6, the adaptor consists of two parts,that is, a sleeve 42 adapted to slip over the blade of the spindle 40,as shown at 44, and over the spindle whorl 46 for rigid engagementtherewith, as indicated at 48, and a tubular member 50 for engagement;with the upper end portion of the spindle blade and having a spindleextension 54 for accommodating the twister cap or flyer or both at onetime.

In order to assure the rigid engagement of the package 10 with thespindle 40, the sleeve 42 is preferably provided with a laterallyextending flange 56 having a pair of diametrically opposed upwardlyprojecting points 58 disposed to press into the lower edge of thepackage core I! and thus lock the latter to the spindle.

Th adaptor shown in Figures 7 and 8, intended for use with the long typeof spindle 40', consists of a tubular member 60 adapted to snugly fitabout the blade of said spindle, as represented at 62 and resting uponthe top portion of the spindle whorl 46'. The upper end portion 54 ofthe spindle blade extends outwardly of said member so that the twistercap or flyer, or both, may be engaged with said extended end portion 54.An annular plate 64 is aflixed, for instance,

5 by means of screws 66 to the lower portion of the member 60, saidplate projecting slightly beyond the peripheral surface of said memberand having upwardly directed points 68 for engagement with the core [2of the package In when placed on the 40 spindle 40' provided with itsadaptor.

In Figures 9 andv 10, there is shown a specially built one-piece solidspindle intended to replace the spindles now in common use on thepresentday types of twisting machines.- of course, the

, specially built spindle which, for convenience herein, is designatedin its entirety by the reference character 40a, does not require the useof adaptors, but is so constructed as to receive our improved twistingpackage. For that purpose, as clearly illustrated in Figures 9 and 10,

the spindle Illa comprises a cylindrical body 6011' of sufficientdiameter to snugly fit within the package core l2. The lower portion ofthe spindle is formed with a whorl 46a separated from the body 60a by arigid circumferentially extending flange 64a preferably provided-withupwardly extending points 68a suitably set therein for engagement withthe package core 12 when in position on the spindle. The upper end ofthe spindle terminates with a restricted projection 54a adapted toaccommodate. the twister cap or flyer, or both.

The package In being engaged upon the Ver tical spindle of the twistingmachine in the manner stated, a flyer 25 with its eye 26 may bepositioned in corelation with the upper end por tion or nose of thepackage in the manner. .indicated in Figure ll of t he drawings;'

The eye 26 of the flyer 25'through which the yarn is unraveledcontinuously causes the yarn to feed in a particular direction. In thisconnection, it is to be noted that the yarn unravelling from the upperor delivery end portion of the package is drawn downwardly, or in adirection to counteract the normal tendency of the wraps to slough off.

Instead of the flyer 25, there is used (of preference) the twisting cap70 which is associated with the spindle and the twisting package in themanner more clearly represented in Figure 12.

As clearly shown in said Figure 12, the cap 10 consists of a rigidinverted cup-shaped member having a fiat circular top 12 and adownwardly flaring annular skirt M. The top 12 is formed with a centralaperture 16 adapted to receive the spindle extension 54 or the extendedend 54 of the spindle 40', or the extended end portion 54a of thespecial spindle 40a, depending upon the type of spindle used. The cap 70is intended to revolve bodily with the spindle and, for that purpose,diametrically exposed recesses 18 are formed in the underside of the top12 and arranged for engagement with pins 80 of the adaptor member 50, orpins 80' of thef'adaptor member 60, or pins 80a of the special spindle40a. I

With the cap 10 positioned on the spindle as in Figure 12, it will beunderstood that the mar-' ginal edge 82 of said twister cap wiliengagethe unravelling yarn, attention being directed to the fact that themarginal edge 82 engages the yarn in a manner to always draw the samedownwardly in relation to the tapered nose of the package, thuscounteracting any sloughing tendency of the convolutions forming thenose portion of the package.

As also shown in Figure 12, a flyer of the type designated by thereference character 25 may be used in conjunction with the twister capill, but in such a case the flyer 25, as hereinbefore stated, servesonly as a tensioning device.

In Figure 13 are diagrammatically shown various locations in which thefiyer eye or rim of the twister cap is to be positioned, depending uponthe revolving speed of the packing. As indicated, for operation of thetapered end twisting package, the fiyer eye or rim of the twister cap inrunning position may be positioned anywhere along, but must not belocated closer to the package than, the line formed (and represented indot and dash) between the points:

21, 29, 30 with a spindle speed of 12,000 RP. M. 21, 29, 3| with aspindle speed of 10,000 R. P. M. 21, 29, 32 with a spindle speed of8,000 R. P. M. 21, 29, 33 with a spindle speed of 6,000 R. P. M. 21, 29,34 with a spindle speed of 4,000 R. P. M.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that the distance between thepackage and the flyer ascertaining the distance from the top edge 35 ofthe package to the point 28 which is where the taper begins, and thenascertaining the distance from the point 28 to the point 217 and to thepoint 29, each of which is about one-fourth of the vertical distancefrom the point 20 to the top edge 35 of the package, and finallyascertaim ing the distance between each of the points $0, 36, 32, 33,and 34, each of which is about one-third of the vertical distance frompoint 27 to point 20.

By reason of the particular relation of the successive layersconstituting the package, and the particular location of the flyer eye26 or cap rim 82 in relation to the tapered end portion of a slant notexceeding 22.5 degrees, the yarn will unravel without danger of theconvolutions sloughing ofi'.

Attention is called to the fact that the particular mode of winding theyarn upon the core permits the winding of more wraps in each layer sothat it becomes possible to form a package of increased length andreduction of diameter which results in decreasing the tension variationsfrom the inside tooutside of the package.

Figure 14 graphically illustrated the intermittent tension to which ayarn is subjected in uptwisting and also winding on either bobbins orheadless packages. The tension on yarn from two bobbins or packages isrepresented in this graph, these being tied together at the knot 86.

The heavy line 83 indicates the average tension for both packages.

In winding yarn onto package No. I, the point 84 represents the minimumtension of 12 grams taken at a point where the yarn is traversed onthepackage midway between the ends of said package. This tension is onthe first layer of yarn nearest to the foundation core or barrel at thecenter of the package. As the traverse advancesto the right the tensionis increased to 20 grams at the extreme end of its movement at point 85;here the traverse reverses its motion to the left and the tension isreduced to the point 84a at the center of the package; continuing itsmotion to the left the tension is increased to the point 85A at theextreme end of its movement to the left; again reversing its motion tothe right, the tension is reduced to 84b upon reaching thecenter of thepackage.

Above we have observed the tension variations in two layers of yarn,ortwo complete cycles of the traverse motion. It is to be understoodthat the number of complete cycles of tension'variation are much morenumerous than represented between the point 84 and the knot 86 of thepackage No. I. The actual difference in tension between each cycle ishardly perceptible but this cycle, repeated a great number of times soonbuilds the package and the final result of tension In lip-twisting fromsuch packages, the point 84 represents the minimum tension of i2 gramsto which the yarn is subjected when unravelling from the outside upperportion of the package. As the unravelling continues. the tension isincreased until the yarn is being delivered from the base of the packageat which point the tension reaches its maximum of 20 grams. Here theyarn continues to unravel but moves towards the top of the package,gradually reducing in tension until the minimum is reached at 34, thuscompleting one cycle of yarn delivery from the outside of the package.

These cycles occur in periodic succession reaching the maximum tensionat the base of the package represented by 85A, 85B, 85C, 85D, 85E, 85F,85G, and 85H, and the minimum tension at the upper portion of thepackage represented by are, b, 04c, 84d, 84e, 84], 849, and 84h. Arepetition of the cycle occurs in the package No. II, as represented bythe reference characters 88, MH and 87, 81h.

From the foregoing explanations and illustrapresses the average tensioncurve 83 very rapidly from 22 grams to 16 grams. Fabric knitted or wovenfrom such a yam will exhibit a marked contrast between the extremes intension.

U 'Figure graphically illustrates the intermititent tension to which ayarn is subjected in winding our twisting package. The tension on yarnfrom two packages is represented in this graph, being tied together atknot 9|. The heavy line "i N indicates the average tension from bothpackages.

In winding yarn onto twisting package No. IA, the point 89 representsthe minimum tension of 15 grams taken at the foundation core of thefirst yarn layer. It will be seen that the intermittent variationsoccurring during the winding are hardly perceptable in comparison to thevariations in tension of yarn packages in Figure 14, but theseintermittent tensions finally reach their maximum at the point 90 inpackage No. IA, and 93 in package No. IIA. This represents a meandifference of two grams between the yarn nearest to the core and theyarn from the outside of the package. A repetition of the cycle inperiodic succession occurs in package No. IIA.

It is interesting to note that the tension increases very graduallyuntil the packages are full and the tension is maximum at point 90. Herethe yarn with maximum tension from package No. IA is tied to yarn ofminimum tension from package No. IIA which depresses the average tension84 very slightly. I

The graphic illustrations in Figure 16 represent the spinning tension towhich a yarn is subjected to in unravelling from the twisting packageNo.

ID. The tension on yarns from two twisting packages is represented inthis graph, these being tied together at the knot 96. The heavy line 95indicates the average tension from both packages.

In unravelling yarn while simultaneously uptwistlng from our twistingpackage, the point 91 represents the minimum tension of 12 grams towhich the yarn is subjected when unravelling from the outside upperportion of the package. As the unravelling continues toward the base,the tension increases with the greatest tension at the point 98; herethe yarn continues to unravel but moves towards the top of the package,gradually reducing the tension until the minimum is reached at the point91a, thus completing one cycle of yarn delivery from the outside of thepackage. These cycles occur in periodic succession reaching the maximumtension at the base of the package represented by 98A, 98B, 98C, 98D,"E, 98F, 98G, $81!, 581, and the minimum tension at the upper portion ofthe package represented by 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d, 91c, 91 91g, 91h, 912'. Arepetition of the above cycle occurs in package No. 1128.

It is to be understood that the number of complete cycles of tensionvariations are much more numerous than represented between the point 91and the knot 96 of package No. 1113. It is also to be noted that for thesame maximum and minimum tension variations in unravelling whileuptwisting from package No. 13 as compared with package No. I of Figure14, that the intermittent tension variations are greater, but theaverage is much more constant. This results in less variation oftensionwhere package No. IB and package No. 1113 are tied together at knot 96in Figure 16, as compared with the variations occurring at knot 86 inFigure 14. Any variations in fabric resulting from tension variationsare not noticeable when the variations are gradual, but are verynoticeable when the variations are abrupt. Thus the fabric produced fromyarn shown in Figure 14, packages I and II, would appear uniform whenobserving the rabric produced from each package individually, but at thepoint in the fabric where yarn from packages No. I and II was'joined byknot at 85, there would be a decided contrast in the appearance of thewoven or knitted fabric.

In the art of winding bobbins preparatory to up-twisting, it iscustomary to place knots near the top or bottom head of the bobbin inorder to as much as possible frictional contact of the unravellingthread with the knots. However, due to.the straight surface of thebobbin package, the location of the knots anywhere thereon does notprevent the yarn from becoming entangled therewith, but the constructionof our package, having a tapered portion at the top, makes it possible,as indicated at luu in Figure 1, to place all knots on this taperedportion, with the result that very little frictional contact occurs,especially because the flyer 25 or twister cap 10 associated with thepackage in the manner hereinbeiore stated causes the unravelling yarn tobe lifted off the package surface rather than dragged thereon. Thedetrimental effects of undue frictional contact between the unravellingthread and a knot are split filaments, elongation of the yarn, andbreakage of the yarn. In the case of knitting, tight stitches andpress-ofis occur.

We have previously pointed out that our twisting package makes possiblethe elimination of one operation. The operation eliminated is thewinding of yarn from the conventional cone to our twisting package. Thisadditional winding operation imparts variations to the yarn and,therefore, it can be readily appreciated that less detrimentalvariations and an improved yarn 'can be obtained by winding the yarn.directly onto our twisting package.

Heretofore, bobbins have almost invariably been used for all up-twistingpurposes as a yarn support. These bobbins have a head at each end toprevent the yarn from falling off over the end. The chief objection totheir use is the constant frictional contact with the yarn inunravelling from the package. In our twisting package, it is notnecessary to use heads to keep the yarn from falling off over the end.This is accomplished by the tapered ends and the particular relationshipof the yarn wraps and the layers.

In delivering yarn overend from the conventional type of cone, it veryoften catches at the base. This is caused by underwinding, which usuallybreaks the thread before it can pull away and resume delivery. These.underwinds do not occur on our package by virtue of the gradual taperat the base. Even if the yarn does fall to the base, it can immediatelyresume delivery without any perceptible increase in tension.

On conventional cones, the yarn forming the ends is continually exposed,permitting collection of dirt and oxidation to this portion of the yarn.Due to the renewal of surfaces, our twisting package overcomes thisdetriment.

scribed, since we have discovered equally good spinning results may beobtained if certain modifications are made without exceeding a 22.5degree angle subtended between the central axis of the packageandltapered ends or any portion of the outside of the package.Accordingly, any modifications coming within the scope of the subjoinedclaims are to be considered within the spirit of the invention.

In concluding, it is pointed out that the term twist or twisting used inthe description and claims is not to be interpreted in its meaning toinclude spinning or any other yarn processing operation which results inimparting to the yarn a certain amount of twist.

What we claim is:

1. A tapered end headless twisting package wherein the yarn is intendedto be ravelled over one end thereof consisting of a plurality of groupsof wound yarn layers, the layers in every other group progressing in onedirection, the layers in every intermediate group progressing in theopposite direction, and the wraps of yarn in each 5 of said layers beingcloser to each other at the section of the layer nearest to said endthan at the section farthest from said end.

2. A tapered end headless twisting package consisting of a plurality ofgroups of wound yarn 0 layers, the layers in every, other groupprogressing in one direction, the layers in every intermediate groupprogressing in the opposite direction, and the wraps of yarn in everyother layer being spaced further apart than the wraps of yarn in theinterposed layers.

3. A tapered end headless twisting package wherein the yarn is intendedto be ravelled over one end thereof consisting of a plurality of groupsof wound yarn layers, the layers in every other group progressing in onedirection and the layers in every intermediate group progressing in theopposite direction, each layer in said groups having substantially thesame length but starting and ending at difierent points along the lengthof the package, and the wraps of yarn in each of.- said layers beingcloser to each other at the section of the layer nearest to said endthan at the section farthest from said end.

4. A tapered end headless twisting package consisting of a plurality ofgroups of wound yarn layers, the layers in every other group progressingin one direction and the layers of every intermediate group progressingin the opposite direction, each layer in said groups havingsubstantially the same length but starting and ending at differentpoints along the length of the pack-- age, and the wraps of yarn inevery other layer being spaced further apart than the wraps of yarn inthe interposed layers.

5. A tapered end headless twisting package consisting of a plurality ofgroups of wound yarn layers, the layers in every other group progressingin one direction and the layers in every intermediate group progressingin the opposite direction, each layer in said groups havingsubstantially the same length but starting and endingat different pointsalong the length of the package, the wraps of yarn in each of saidlayers be-- ing closer to each other at the upper section of the layerthan at the lower section thereof, and the wraps of yarn in every otherlayer being spaced further apart than the wraps of yarn in theinterposed layers.

6. A tapered end headless twisting package consisting of a plurality ofgroups of wound yarn layers, the layers in every other group progressingin one direction and the layers in every intermediate group progressingin the opposite direction, each layer in said groups havingsubstantially the same length but starting and ending at difierentpoints along the length of the package, the wraps of yarn in each ofsaid layers being closer to each other at the upper section of the layerthan at the lowersection thereof, and the wraps of yarn in every otherlayer being spaced further apart than the wraps of yarn in theinterposed layers, the relative arrangement of the wraps and layersbeing controlled to impart to the package tapered ends extending on aslant of not more than 22.5 degrees.

7. The method of Winding yarn into a tapered end package-comprising:winding the yarn upon a foundation core in a plurality of progressivelyoverlapping groups of layers; guiding the yarn during its winding sothat the layers in every other group progress in one direction, and thelayers in every intermediate group progress in the opposite direction,and each layer in said groups has substantially the same length butstarts and ends at dificrent points along said core; controlling theprogressively overlapping relationship of said layers to impart taperedends to the package; and locating all knots .on the tapered portion atthe delivery end of said package.

8. The method of winding, in a tapered end package, yarn to which twistis to be imparted by up-twisting simultaneously with the unravellingthereof, consisting in: winding the yarn upon a foundation coreadaptable to twisting spindles in a plurality of overlapping groups oflayers; guiding the .yarn during its winding so that the layers in everyother group progress in one direction, and the layers in everyintermediate group progress in the opposite direction, and each layer insaid groups has substantially the same length, but starts and ends atdifferent points along said core; controlling the progressivelyoverlapping relationship of said layers to impart tapered ends to thepackage; and locating all knots on the tapered portion at the deliveryend of the package.

9. A yarn package having layers of yarn wraps,

11. Ayarn package having layers of yarn wraps,

said layers being formed into groups, the layers in every other groupprogressing in one direction and the layers in every intermediate groupprogressing in the opposite direction, each layer layers in each of saidgroups 2,301,711 in each of said groups having substantially the samelength, but starting and ending at different points along the length ofthe package, andthe wraps in every other layer being spaced furtherapart than the wraps in the interposed layers.

12. A yarn package having layers of yarn wraps, said layers being formedinto groups, the layers in every other group direction and the layers inevery intermediate group progressing in the opposite direction, eachhaving substantially the same length, but starting and ending atdifferent points along the length of the package, the wraps in each ofsaid layers being closer to each other at one section of the layer thanat the other section thereof, and the wraps in every other layer beingspaced further apart than the wraps in the interposed layers.

13. A yarn package having layers of yarn wraps, the wraps in each closerto each other at one direction of the layer than at the other sectionthereof, and the wraps in every other layer being spaced further apartthan the wraps in the interposed layers.

14. In a yarn package wherein the yarn is intended to be ravelled overone end; successive layers of yarn wraps respectively wound towards andaway from said end of the package, the wraps wound in the direction awayfrom said end being spaced further apart than the wraps wound in thedirection towards said end.

15. In a yarn package wherein the yarn is intended to be ravelled overone end, successive layers of yarn wraps respectively wound towards andaway from said end of the package, the wraps wound in the direction awayfrom said end being spaced further apart than the wraps wound in thedirection towards said end, and the wraps nearest to said end beingwound closer to each other than the wraps farthest from said end.

progressing in one of said layers being,

ing of the yarn to space the wraps in each layer closer to each other atone section of the layer than at the other section thereof, and to spacethe wraps in every other layer further apart from each other than thewraps layers.

20. The method of making a yarn package comprising: winding yarn upon afoundation core in a plurality of progressively overlapping groups oflayers; guiding the yarn during its winding so that the layers in everyother group progress in one direction and the layers in everyintermediate group progress in the opposite direction; and controllingthe winding of the yarn to space the wraps in each layer closer to eachother at one section of the layer than at the other sectionthereof, andto space the wraps in every other layer further apart from each otherthan the wraps in the interposed layers.

21. A tapered end headless twisting package consisting of a plurality ofassociated layers of wrapped yarn, said layers progressively overlappingin controlled relationship in one direction, then in the otherdirection, to impart to said package tapered ends extending on a slantof not more than 22.5 degrees, and the wraps in every other layer beingspaced further apart than the 16. The method of making a yarn packagecomprising: winding yarn upon a foundation core in a plurality oflayers; and controlling the winding of the yarn to space the wraps inevery other layer further apart from each other than the wraps in theinterposed layers.

17. The method of making a yarn package comprising: winding yarn upon afoundation core in a plurality of progressively overlapping groups oflayers; guiding the yarn during its winding so that the layers in everyother group progress in one direction and the layers in everyintermediate group progress in the opposite direction; and controllingthe winding of the yarn to space the wraps in every other layer furtherapart from each other than the wraps in the interposed layers.

18. The method of making a yarn package comprising: winding yarn upon afoundation core in a plurality of progressively overlapping groups oflayers; guiding the yarn during its winding so that the layers in everyother group progress in one direction, and the layers in everyintermediate group progress in the opposite direction, and so that eachlayer in said groups has substantially the same length but starts andends at different points along said core; and controlling the windingofthe yarn to space the wraps in every other layer further apart from eachother than the wraps in the interposed layers.

19. The method of making a yarn package comprising: winding yarn upon afoundation core and controlling the windin a plurality of layers;

wraps in the intermediate layers.

22. An elongated tapered end headless twisting package consisting of aplurality of groups of layers of wrapped yarn adapted to be twisted byuptwisting simultaneously with the unravelling thereof over one end ofsaid package, said layers having a controlled relationship to impart tosaid end of the package a taper of not more than a 22.5 degree angle,and the wraps in every other layer being spaced further apart than thewraps in the intermediate layers.

23. An elongated tapered end headless twisting package consisting of aplurality of groups of layers of wrapped yarn adapted to be twisted byuptwisting simultaneously with the unravelling thereof over one end ofsaid package, the layers in every other group progressing in oppositedirections, the progressing movement of the layers being controlled toimpart to said end of the package a taper of not more than a 22.5 degreeangle, the wraps in each of said layers being closer to each other atsaid end of the package than at the other end thereof, and the wraps inevery other layer being spaced further apart than the wraps in theintermediate layers.

24. An elongated tapered end headless twisting package consisting of aplurality of groups of layers of wrapped yarn adapted to be twisted byuptwisting simultaneously with the unravelling thereof over one end ofsaid package, the layers in every other group progressing towards saidend of the package and the layers in every intermediate groupprogressing away from said end of the package, each layer in said groupsbeing substantially of the same length but starting and ending atdifferent points along the length of the package, the yarn wraps in eachof said layers being closer to each other at said end of the packagethan at the other end thereof, the relative arrangement of the wraps andlayers being controlled to impart to said end of the package a taperextending on a slant of not more than 22.5 degress and the wraps inevery other layer being spaced further apart than the wraps in theintermediate layers.

- WARREN A. SEEM.

NICHOLAS STODDARD.

in the intermediate

